ADC

Analog‑to‑digital converters expand a microcontroller’s ability to read real‑world signals by providing additional analogue inputs and higher resolution than the built‑in hardware. They typically connect via standard serial buses such as I²C or SPI, allowing multiple devices to share the same pins and simplifying wiring. Programmable gain settings let the same module handle a wide range of sensor voltages, while options for screw‑terminal or breadboard‑friendly pins make prototyping quick and reliable. Some converters include on‑board memory to retain calibration data after power loss, and addressable designs enable several units to be stacked on a single bus. These characteristics give projects, from environmental monitoring to precision motor control, a flexible, dependable way to digitise analogue data without redesigning the core board.